ArticleJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN
Hippocampal and amygdala subfield volumes in obsessive-compulsive disorder by medication status.
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Article in Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Differences in cortical gyrification and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between early- and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Article
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20 authors.
Ziphozihle NtwatwaFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein) ziphozihle.ntwatwa@uct.ac.za.
Christine LochnerFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Annerine RoosFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Tatum SevenoaksFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Jack van HonkFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Marcelo C BatistuzzoFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Sunah ChoiFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Marcelo Q HoexterFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Minah KimFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Jun Soo KwonFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
David Mataix-ColsFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
José M MenchónFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Euripedes C MiguelFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Takashi NakamaeFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Carles Soriano-MasFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Dick J VeltmanFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Nynke A GroenewoldFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Odile A van den HeuvelFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Dan J SteinFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Jonathan IpserFrom the Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Ntwatwa, Roos, Sevenoaks, van Honk, Groenewold, Stein, Ipser); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (Lochner); the Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (van Honk); the Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Compulsivity Impulsivity and Attention program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Veltman, van den Heuvel); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain (Menchón); the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain ( Soriano-Mas); the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Mataix-Cols); the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Nakamae); the Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Choi, Kim, Kwon); the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Choi); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Batistuzzo, Hoexter, Miguel); the Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (Batistuzzo); the SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Stein).
Funding
Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust Project NO. 064846
Abstract
backgroundAlthough it has been suggested that the hippocampus and amygdala (HA) are involved in the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), volumetric findings have been inconsistent, and little work has been undertaken on the volumetry of the heterogeneous anatomic units of HA, with their specific functions and cytoarchitecture, in OCD. We sought to explore potential sources of heterogeneity in brain volumes by performing a separate analysis for people with and without psychotropic medication use, as well as the association of subfield volumes with OCD symptom severity.
methodsWe segmented
resultsWe included images from 381 people with OCD and 338 healthy controls. These groups did not significantly differ in HA subfield volumes. However, medicated people with OCD had significantly smaller volumes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus ( LIMITATIONS: We used cross-sectional data, which limits the interpretation of our analysis.
conclusionDifferences in HA subfields between people with OCD and healthy controls are dependent on medication status, in line with previous work on other brain volumetric alterations in OCD. This emphasizes the importance of considering psychotropic medication in neuroimaging studies of OCD.
Indexed as
AmygdalaHippocampusObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPsychotropic DrugsAdultFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedOrgan SizeSeverity of Illness IndexYoung AdultPsychotropic Drugs
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