Control of ultrafast hot electron dynamics in epsilon-near-zero conductive oxide thin films.

Sudip Gurung, Subhajit Bej, Quynh Dang, Ambaresh Sahoo, Aleksei Anopchenko, Zhenhuan Yi, Alexei V Sokolov, Andrea Marini, Ho Wai Howard Lee

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Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

Scalable, Microwave-Enabled Synthesis of Ternary WAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Sudip GurungDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4522-2072

Subhajit BejThe Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2714-7534

Quynh DangDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Ambaresh SahooDepartment of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

Aleksei AnopchenkoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9206-2767

Zhenhuan YiThe Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4827-1013

Alexei V SokolovThe Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas AM University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6879-7840

Andrea MariniDepartment of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2763-6394

Ho Wai Howard LeeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3962-3726

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dynamics of nonlinear optical processes in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are primarily governed by hot electron relaxation with a sub-picosecond response. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast electron dynamics in nonlinear TCO ENZ materials. This study investigates the effects of laser peak power and ENZ mode excitation on hot electron relaxation in TCOs. Our experimental analysis theoretically supported by a hydrodynamic model reveals that increasing laser pulse intensity extends hot electron relaxation time by more than 200%, while ENZ mode excitation increases it by more than 40% in representative TCO ENZ materials. This research demonstrates the controllable modulation of ultrafast ENZ nonlinearity via pulse peak power and ENZ mode field enhancement. These findings provide substantial insights into the potential utilization of ENZ nonlinearity for the development of optical and quantum computing components, including ultrafast optical switches, dynamic pulse shapers, and modulators.

Identifiers

PMID40397738

DOI10.1126/sciadv.adu8850

PMCPMC12094231

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