Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40396304›Full record

Observational studyDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

Continuous glucose monitoring during intravenous insulin infusion treatment: Assessing accuracy to enable future clinical utility.

Ray Wang, Mervyn Kyi, Brintha Krishnamoorthi, Ailie Connell, Cherie Chiang, Debra Renouf, Rahul Barmanray, Spiros Fourlanos

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ray WangDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Mervyn KyiDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-8250
Brintha KrishnamoorthiDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
Ailie ConnellDepartment of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.
Cherie ChiangDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Debra RenoufDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
Rahul BarmanrayDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1433-2239
Spiros FourlanosDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5153-8324

Funding

Australian GovernmentUniversity of Melbourne
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during intravenous insulin infusions (IVII) could reduce blood glucose (BG) testing burden in hospital, however CGM accuracy concerns exist. We aimed to assess CGM accuracy during IVII.

methodsThis multi-centre observational study included adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who required IVII treatment during hospital admission whilst wearing their own CGM devices (Abbott FreeStyle Libre 2, Medtronic Guardian 3, Dexcom G6). IVII dose adjustments were performed based upon standard of care BG measures. Accuracy was assessed according to mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and Consensus error grid (CEG) analysis, using time-matched (±5 minutes) pairs of CGM glucose and reference BG (point-of-care [POC], blood gas [GAS]) obtained during IVII.

resultsIn total, 736 time-matched glucose pairs were obtained from 56 hospital admissions (52% with diabetic ketoacidosis; 32% requiring intensive care). Median IVII duration was 16 hours (IQR 7.2-28). Overall MARD was 12.5% (11.9% for CGM-POC pairs; 14.1% for CGM-GAS pairs). In CEG analysis, 99.0% of glucose pairs were within zones A/B. Based on local hospital IVII dose titration protocols for non-intensive care wards, if CGM measures had been used instead of POC, dose adjustments would have been the same in 77% of instances.

conclusionsThis real-world study of adults with T1D demonstrated high concordance of CGM measures with BG during IVII. The accuracy of CGM during IVII might enable its greater clinical utility when treating inpatients receiving IVII. More inpatient studies are required to validate the use of CGM during IVII.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdultFemaleHumansInfusions, IntravenousInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinCGMCGMShospitalizationinpatientinsulin infusionsensor accuracy

Identifiers

PMID40396304
PMCPMC12352713

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.