ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2025
Prevalence of deficiencies of serum vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 among urban and rural population in and around Pune, India: An observational study.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vitamin D Deficiency: An Underrecognized Contributor to Neurological Morbidity in India.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies are major public health problems in many populations. Studies report a deficiency in the range of 20-80% of both micronutrients. Hence, a comparative study was conducted among a rural and an urban population to see the prevalence and factors associated with their deficiency. Methodology: The institutional ethics committee approved the study. Informed consent was taken from all the participants. Cross-sectional comparative analytical study among participants of rural and urban field practice areas of a medical college was undertaken. Measurements were made on 121 participants, 67 from urban areas, and 54 from rural regions. Participants were selected in a simple random sampling technique. Blood samples were collected in a standardized technique following aseptic conditions and transported to the laboratory maintaining a cold chain for analysis. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Jamovi v2.4.11. Chi-square test, Results: Apart from education, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status, all factors were similar among rural and urban participants. The mean BMI of urban participants was more than rural counterparts. Deficiency of vitamin B12 was 52.2% in urban and 64.8% in rural areas; deficiency of vitamin D was 34.3% in urban and 13% in the rural sample. Mean values of vitamin D and vitamin B12 were significantly different, 17.77 ng/mL vis-a-vis 19.02 ng/mL and 254.82 pg/mL vis-a-vis 185.48 pg/mL, respectively, for urban and rural participants. Vitamin D was more deficient in urban areas, and vitamin B12 was more deficient in rural areas. Conclusion: Both deficiencies found in the participants are of concern and require different interventions. Urban participants should be advised more of outdoor activities, and rural participants should be educated more on dietary interventions. Supplements at the individual level may be advised as needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.