Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40395949›Full record

ArticleACS earth & space chemistry2025

Cosmic Ray Irradiation of Interstellar Ices on Sulfur-Rich Grains: A Possible Source of Sulfur-Bearing Molecules.

Duncan V Mifsud, Zuzana Kaňuchová, Olivier Auriacombe, Péter Herczku, Danna Qasim, Sándor T S Kovács, Richárd Rácz, Béla Sulik, Zoltán Juhász, István Rajta and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS earth & space chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Interstellar Ice Chemistry Yields Elusive Sulfinothioic Acid (HS(O)SH).Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Duncan V MifsudCentre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-354X
Zuzana KaňuchováAstronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Tatranská Lomnica SK-059 60, Slovakia.
Olivier AuriacombeDepartment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden.
Péter HerczkuHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-1375
Danna QasimSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States.
Sándor T S KovácsHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
Richárd RáczHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
Béla SulikHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
Zoltán JuhászHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
István RajtaHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
István VajdaHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
Sándor BiriHUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen H-4026, Hungary.
Robert W McCulloughDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
Sergio IoppoloCentre for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-1781
Ujjwal RautSouthwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States.
Nigel J MasonCentre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The major reservoir of sulfur in dense interstellar clouds is still largely unknown, although a growing body of evidence suggests that it may exist in a refractory form (i.e., as minerals or allotropes of the element). Therefore, it is possible that the irradiation of sulfur-free interstellar ices on top of sulfur-rich refractory grain components by cosmic rays or stellar winds may result in the formation of simple inorganic sulfur molecules that could be readily detected by ground- or space-borne telescopes. In this study, we have irradiated neat ices of O

Identifiers

PMID40395949
PMCPMC12086964

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.