ArticleExploration (Beijing, China)2025
Engineered brain-targeting exosome for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma.
Article in Exploration (Beijing, China), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exosomes in brain diseases: Mechanisms, advances, and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Quadruplex Bioactive FAND for Treating Acute Liver Failure Induced by Acetaminophen or Hepatectomy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
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- Exosome Secretion Drives Chemo-Resistance of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Recent Advances on Extracellular Vesicles: A Natural Nanomaterial for Biomedical Application.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Early Detection and Inhibition of Post-Surgical Cancer Recurrence by Synthetic Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineered neuronal exosomes mediate α-synuclein clearance to ameliorate Parkinson's disease.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineered Exosomes: Innovative Strategies for Precision Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials: Integrating engineering strategies for cargo loading and targeted delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Endocrine Disruption: How Environmental Pollutants Modulate the Loading and Release of Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Promotion and Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles as drivers of immunotherapeutic resistance: mechanisms of immune reprogramming and metabolic intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Exploring tumor-derived exosomes as promising antigenic platforms: novel vaccine and immunotherapy strategies for "cold" colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Membrane Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Glioblastoma-Targeted Combinatorial Chemotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Recent advances in research on novel therapeutic mechanisms and strategies for exosome-based treatment of ischemic stroke.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, progress, and prospects.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Multiorgan repair by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in hepatorenal syndrome through necroptosis alleviation, immune reprogramming and fibrosis resolution.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- The role of exosomes in brain tumors: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic prospects.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Glioma Therapy: Recent Advances and Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) severely impacts the response to various treatments, including systemic chemotherapy. Targeted reprogramming of immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment using RNA interference (RNAi) is largely restricted by poor brain delivery efficiency and targeting specificity. Herein, an acid-cleavable transferrin (Tf) decorated engineering exosome-based brain-targeting delivery system (ACTE) was proposed to efficiently deliver small interference RNA towards transform growth factor-β (siTGF-β) and doxorubicin (DOX) to GBM site for combination chemo-immunotherapy. The siTGF-β and DOX co-loaded ACTE, termed as DOX&siTGF-β@ACTE (Ds@ACTE), is designed to specifically recognize the Tf receptor (TfR) on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Subsequently, Ds@ACTE undergoes acid-responsive detachment of Tf within lysosome of brain capillary endothelial cells, leading to the separation of DOX&siTGF-β@Exo (Ds@Exo) from the Tf-TfR complex and enhanced BBB transcytosis. After crossing BBB, the separated Ds@Exo can further target GBM cells via the homing effect. In vivo studies validated that Ds@ACTE significantly downregulated the TGF-β expression to reprogram the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and thereby reinforce the chemotherapeutic effect of DOX and DOX-induced anti-tumor immune response. The effectiveness of this strategy not only can provide thinking for designing a more intelligent brain-targeting system based on engineered exosomes but also explore an effective treatment regimen for GBM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.