Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40395079›Full record

ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2025

Prevalence of Past-Year Mental and Substance Use Disorders, 2021-2022.

Heather Ringeisen, Mark Edlund, Heidi Guyer, Jill Dever, Lisa Carpenter, Mark Olfson, Michael First, Paul Geiger, Dan Liao, Andy Peytchev and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Time to Readmission in Early Psychosis.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Quantifying the Societal Impacts of Schizophrenia: A Survey of Caregivers.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Heather RingeisenRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).ORCID 0000-0002-0763-3199
Mark EdlundRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Heidi GuyerRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Jill DeverRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Lisa CarpenterRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Mark OlfsonRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Michael FirstRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Paul GeigerRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Dan LiaoRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Andy PeytchevRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Christine CarrRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Lydia ChwastiakRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Lisa B DixonRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Maria Monroe-DevitaRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
T Scott StroupRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Jeff SwansonRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Marvin SwartzRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Robert GibbonsRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Leyla StambaughRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Natalie BareisRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).ORCID 0000-0002-9067-2075
Thomas E SmithRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Ronald C KesslerRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).
Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study ConsortiumRTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Ringeisen, Edlund, Guyer, Dever, Carpenter, Geiger, Liao, Peytchev, Carr, Stambaugh); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (Olfson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (First, Dixon, Stroup, Bareis, Smith); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Chwastiak, Monroe-Devita); Duke Health, School of Medicine, and the Wilson Center for Science and Justice, School of Law, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Swanson, Swartz); Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Gibbons); Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Kessler).

Funding

Machine Learning for Precision Treatments in SchizophreniaK23MH129628 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI BAREIS, NATALIE · 2022 to 2025
$782k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH129628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe authors aimed to estimate the past-year prevalence of mental and substance use disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorder), among U.S. adults ages 18-65 years from samples of households and prisons and stratified samples from selected homeless shelters and state psychiatric hospitals. Such information is vital to meet the treatment needs of individuals with these disorders.

methodsThe Mental and Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study (MDPS) was conducted between October 2020 and October 2022. Interviewers administered a structured clinical interview for the

resultsThe prevalence estimates of lifetime and past-year schizophrenia spectrum disorders were 1.8% (95% CI=1.3%-2.5%) and 1.2% (95% CI=0.9%-1.8%), respectively. The most common past-year disorders were major depressive disorder (15.5%, 95% CI=13.6%-17.5%) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; 10.0%, 95% CI=8.3%-12.1%). About one in 10 participants had at least one substance use disorder (10.6%, 95% CI=8.7%-12.9%). Half of those with an MDPS mental disorder had moderate or serious impairment.

conclusionsThe prevalence rates of lifetime and past-year schizophrenia spectrum disorders were two to four times higher than previously reported. The prevalence rates of major depressive disorder and GAD were substantially higher than reported in past national studies. Almost 20% of these cases were likely due to the pandemic. Increased mental health treatment resources are urgently needed.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mental DisordersPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansIll-Housed PersonsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceUnited StatesYoung AdultAnxiety and anxiety disordersDepressionEpidemiologyMental illnessSchizophreniaSubstance abuse

Identifiers

PMID40395079
PMCPMC12316547

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.