Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2025
Does increasing cigarette use stabilize mood? A real-time investigation spanning 6 years of adolescence and young adulthood.
Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Does increasing cigarette use stabilize mood? A real-time investigation spanning 6 years of adolescence and young adulthood.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThere is a longstanding assumption that cigarette smoking stabilizes mood. However, no studies have rigorously evaluated mood stability as people progress from occasional to regular use of tobacco cigarettes. This observational study thus tested two central questions: as smoking rates increase, (1) does the acute mood boost after smoking become more stable and (2) do background moods (i.e. mood levels outside of smoking) become more stable? DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsObservational study of a cohort of n = 255 youth enriched for current smoking (mean age at baseline = 15.63 years, 52% female, 67% non-Hispanic White) recruited from 16 high schools in or near Chicago, Illinois, USA. They participated in up to 6 waves of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) spanning 6 years of their adolescence and young adulthood. During each week-long EMA wave, youth self-initiated reports of mood levels immediately before and after smoking. They also reported on background mood levels in response to random prompts ~5 times/day. MEASUREMENTS: Mixed-effects location scale (MELS) modeling tested the effects of within-person smoking rates on within-person variability in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) levels modeled (1) from before to after smoking and (2) outside of smoking.
findingsAs smoking rates increased, on average, variability decreased by approximately 15-20% in the heightened PA (P < 0.01) and diminished NA (P < 0.01) changes from before to after cigarette use. Gender moderated the associations between smoking rates and mood variability during background random, non-smoking times: as smoking rates increased among boys only, on average, variability in background PA (P < 0.01) and NA (P < 0.01) decreased by around 10%.
conclusionsAs youth progress from occasional to more frequent cigarette use, their immediate mood boost after smoking appears to become more stable. Among boys only, background moods outside of smoking also appear to stabilize.
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