Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40394904›Full record

Trial reportHealth economics2025

Clear Waters, Bright Futures: Do Low-Cost Information Interventions Increase Health Preventive Behaviors.

Rafi Amir-Ud-Din, Muhammad Khan, Zahra Murad, Irene Mussio

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Health economics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rafi Amir-Ud-DinDepartment of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad KhanDepartment of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
Zahra MuradDepartment of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6258-7415
Irene MussioDepartment of Economics, Leeds University Business School, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3724-9865

Funding

Higher Education Commision, Pakistan
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Contaminated drinking water poses a significant, long-term health challenge in developing countries. With the aim of shedding light on the most effective presentation of this information in awareness campaigns, we run a randomized control trial involving 1388 households in Punjab, Pakistan. We provide information about fecal matter (E.Coli) presence in drinking water and on ways to treat water to make it potable. This intervention increases the likelihood of adopting in-home water purification for those households who were provided with information about water contamination results. Those informed of both water contamination and potential water treatment methods exhibit an even higher likelihood of behavior change. This study is evidence of the potential efficacy of low-cost information-based interventions, offering valuable insights for health policy in resource-constrained settings.

Indexed as

Drinking WaterHealth BehaviorHealth PromotionWater PurificationAdultEscherichia coliFecesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMalePakistanDrinking Waterbehavioral changehealthinformation provisionRCTwater contamination

Identifiers

PMID40394904
PMCPMC12316582

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.