Trial reportBMC ophthalmology2025
Efficacy of topical mesenchymal stem cell exosome in Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for dry eye syndrome in Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review of Biomedical Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Immune inflammatory targets and anti-inflammatory therapy in dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Activities of human amniotic membrane extracellular vesicles with a focus on ophthalmology.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Exosomes in the treatment of age-related ophthalmic diseases: an updated review.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- [Advances in stem cell and exosome-based therapies for dry eye disease].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Review
- Photoreceptor-targeted engineered exosomes encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots for alleviating photoreceptor degeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Paradigm Shift in Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Ocular Surface Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Ophthalmology: From Natural Nanocarriers to Engineered Therapeutics.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular landscape connecting complications of dry eye disease: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and future innovations.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Stem Cell Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Exosomes in corneal diseases: advances in diagnosis and therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Dry Eye Disease: From Inflammation Pathways to Therapeutic Prospects.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for dry eye disease: principles, progress, and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis: emerging roles in progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage-derived exosomes in autoimmune diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Immunologic research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to distressing ocular symptoms. Existing therapeutic approaches for SS-associated dry eye syndrome (DES) show insufficient efficacy. This study investigates the use of topical MSC-derived exosomes in primary SS-related DES.
methodsIn phase 1 and 2, triple-blinded, randomized trial, two vials of eye drops are given to each participant, one with code A and one with code B and only the supervisor knows the content of each vial. The treatment group (n = 8 eyes) received 10 µg of MSC-derived exosomes twice daily for two weeks and the control group (n = 8 eyes) received Phosphate buffered saline(PBS) for their respective eyes. Safety was assessed through ophthalmic exams, while DES assessment tests evaluated treatment effectiveness. Non-parametric tests employed to examine assumptions. The differences of ocular examination results between day 0 and month 3 were analyzed using a paired Student's t test. Measurement data that were not normally distributed are represented by the median (interquartile range), and comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
resultsThe treatment showed promising results, with significant improvements observed in various indicators such as reduced Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, increased tear secretion, lower fluorescein scores, and longer tear-film break-up time before and after treatment and between the controls and the treated groups. Our results showed a significant increase in multifunctional proteins such as Epidermal Growth Factor and thrombospondin-1 and conversely, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 significantly decreased in tear of participant before and after treatment and between the controls and the treated groups.
conclusionsOur study underscores the safety and substantial therapeutic potential of using MSC-derived extracellular exosomes eye drops to treat SS-associated DES.
trial registrationIRCT20211102052948N1 The study protocol has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2022-04-20.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.