Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40394356›Full record

ArticleNeurocritical care2026

Paroxysmal Cortical Slowing Predicts Posttraumatic Epilepsy After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Yonatan Serlin, Hamza Imtiaz, Mark A Maclean, Matthew W Pease, David O Okonkwo, Ava M Puccio, Shawn Eagle, James F Castellano, Sara K Inati, Alon Friedman

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurocritical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yonatan Serlin *Neurophysiology of Epilepsy Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hamza Imtiaz *Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Mark A MacleanDivision of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Matthew W PeaseDepartment of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
David O OkonkwoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Ava M PuccioDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Shawn EagleDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
James F CastellanoDepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sara K InatiNeurophysiology of Epilepsy Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alon FriedmanDepartment of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Center, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. alon.friedman@dal.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-5216-120X

Funding

Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research 180636The Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR)-ERA-NET 168164
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs) identified in early electroencephalography (EEG) predict posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) and disability outcomes following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).

methodsA retrospective case-control study included 45 patients with sTBI (17 with PTE and 28 without PTE) matched by age and Glasgow coma scale. Clinical and EEG data were analyzed. Logistic regression and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) assessed PTE risk and disability. The area under the curve (AUC) measured accuracy.

resultsPatients with PTE had longer time in PSWEs (P = 0.04) and lower median power frequency (MPF) of PSWEs (P = 0.02) on initial EEGs, along with increased time in PSWEs between initial and follow-up EEGs (P = 0.03). Lower MPF was associated with increased PTE risk (odds ratio 5.88; P = 0.04). Multivariate regression identified hemicraniectomy, time in PSWEs, and MPF as PTE predictors (AUC 0.87; P < 0.0001), maintaining strong LOOCV performance (AUC 0.83; P < 0.0001, accuracy 80%). Longer time in PSWEs was observed in patients with severe disability at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups compared with moderate-to-good recovery (P = 0.012, 0.006, and 0.04, respectively).

conclusionsPSWEs predict PTE development and are more prevalent among patients with worse disability after sTBI. Quantitative PSWE analysis may guide preventive and therapeutic strategies for PTE.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticBrain WavesCerebral CortexElectroencephalographyEpilepsy, Post-TraumaticAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultBiomarkerElectroencephalographyOutcome predictionPosttraumatic epilepsyTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID40394356

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.