Semidefinite programming for manipulating acoustic traps in real time (SMART).

Sebastian Zehnter, Kevin Endres, Martin Kronbichler, Marco A B Andrade, Felix Funke, Christoph Ament

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sebastian ZehnterChair of Control Engineering, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany. sebastian.zehnter@uni-a.de.

Kevin EndresChair of Control Engineering, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany.

Martin KronbichlerChair of High-Performance Scientific Computing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany. martin.kronbichler@uni-a.de.

Marco A B AndradeInstitute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.

Felix FunkeChair of Control Engineering, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany.

Christoph AmentChair of Control Engineering, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sound waves can be used for trapping and manipulating objects immersed in liquids or air. However, most acoustic levitation techniques are limited to particles with diameters much smaller than the acoustic wavelength or require time-consuming optimisation-based methods that hinder the dynamic manipulation of objects. Here, we present an approach based on semidefinite programming to manipulate levitated objects in real time. To demonstrate this technique, a phased array consisting of 256 ultrasonic transducers operating at 40 kHz is used for rotating a non-spherical Rayleigh object or to translate Mie spheres along various trajectories. In contrast to previous optimisation-based approaches, the proposed method can determine the emission phases of each transducer in real time, strongly facilitating the implementation of a model-based closed-loop control in future acoustic levitation systems. This is a fundamental step for manipulating levitated objects precisely and at high speeds.

Indexed as

Acoustic levitationAcoustic trapsBlock-coordinate minimisationBurer–Monteiro methodContactless handlingPhase recoveryPhase retrieval problemReal timeSemidefinite programmingSound pressure field

Identifiers

PMID40394256

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-93153-8

PMCPMC12092699

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.