Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40394168›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Incidence and predictors of lost to follow up among children receiving antiretroviral therapy a computing risk regression model.

Gebrehiwot Berie Mekonnen, Birara Ayichew Tilaye, Fikadie Dagnew Baye, Demewoz Kefale, Menigstu Ewunetu, Tigabu Munye Aytenew, Yeshiambaw Eshetie, Gashaw Kerebeh, Tigabu Desie Emiru, Biruk Demissie and 8 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Gebrehiwot Berie MekonnenDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. geberehwot2004@gmail.com.
Birara Ayichew TilayeDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Fikadie Dagnew BayeDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Demewoz KefaleDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Menigstu EwunetuDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tigabu Munye AytenewDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Yeshiambaw EshetieDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Gashaw KerebehDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tigabu Desie EmiruDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Biruk DemissieDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Addisu Assfaw AyenDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Bruck Tesfaye LegesseDepartment of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Wubet Tazeb WondieDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science and Referral hospital, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Amare KassawDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Lakachew Yismaw BazezewDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Temesgen Lingerh EndalewDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Kidist Hunegn SetargewDepartment of Internal Medicine, Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Astewle Andargie BayeDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Loss to follow-up (LTFU) poses a major challenge to achieving the joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets and ending the HIV epidemic by 2030. Despite government efforts, high LTFU rates in the test-and-treat era underscore the need for updated strategies. This study aimed to identify incidence and predictors of lost to follow-up among children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Amhara region. A multicenter facility-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted on 486 children receiving ART in Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals from August, 2014, to March, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using national antiretroviral intake and follow-up forms through the KoBo Toolbox. Data analysis was done using STATA version 17. Descriptive analyses were summarized using the tables, and figures were used to present. Both bivariable and multivariable competing regression model were fitted to identify predictors of LTFU. Finally, adjusted sub-hazard ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed, and variables having a p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant predictors of LTFU. Among 455 (93.62%) patient charts were included in the final analysis, 13.19% and 6.81% of the individuals LTFU and death within the follow-up period respectively. In this study, the overall incidence of LTFU was found to be 3.67 per 100 child-year observations (95% (CI): 2.85, 4.73). HIV-infected children age less than five years [adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHR): 2.95 (95% CI: 1.34, 6.49)], rural residence [aSHR: 3.39 (95% CI: 2.02, 5.73)], no regimen change [aSHR: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.38)], and ART side effect [aSHR: 1.92 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.24)] were predictors for LTFU. The incidence of LTFU among HIV-infected children remains high, with younger age, rural residence, regimen changes, and ART side effects identified as key predictors. Strengthening counseling services, monitoring and managing ART side effects, and implementing an ART outcome evaluation program could help reduce LTFU.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV InfectionsLost to Follow-UpAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInfantMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral therapyChildrenEthiopiaLost to follow-upPredictors

Identifiers

PMID40394168
PMCPMC12092602

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Registered trials

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