Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40393738›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2025

Incidence and prevalence of dementia among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2015-21: population based study.

Beau Blass, Cassie B Ford, Samir Soneji, Lindsay Zepel, Talita D'Aguiar Rosa, Brystana G Kaufman, Sneha Mantri, Fan Li, Brian Mac Grory, Ying Xian and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Identification of prevalent dementia in Medicare Advantage encounters, compared with rigorous cohort assessments.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Aging with dual burdens: cross-national evidence on mortality among older Hispanic adults with diabetes and dementia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
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  7. Genetic and environmental risk factors of Parkinsonism.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Beau BlassDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Cassie B FordDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Samir SonejiDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Lindsay ZepelDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Talita D'Aguiar RosaDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Brystana G KaufmanDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Sneha MantriDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Fan LiDepartment of Statistical Science, Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
Brian Mac GroryDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Ying XianDepartment of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. USA.
Kim G JohnsonDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Richard O'BrienDepartment of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Bradley G HammillDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Emily C O'BrienDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Jay B LuskDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5728-8872

Funding

Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment and DementiaR01AG088217 · NIA · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Ying Xian · 2024 to 2026
$4.1M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG088217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the incidence and prevalence of dementia in a nationally representative cohort of US Medicare beneficiaries, stratified by important subgroups.

designPopulation based study.

settingNationwide study between 2015 and 2021.

participantsFee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 or older with at least one year of continuous enrollment.

main outcome measuresIncidence and prevalence of dementia, calculated as percentage per person years or percentage of beneficiaries respectively. These metrics were also calculated in key subgroups defined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.

resultsA total of 5 025 039 incident cases of dementia were documented from 2015 to 2021. The overall age and sex standardized incidence decreased between 2015 and 2021 from 3.5% to 2.8%. Prevalence increased during this time from 10.5% to 11.8%. Male beneficiaries had a higher age standardized incidence than did female beneficiaries in 2015 (3.5%

conclusionsThe incidence of dementia decreased from 2015 to 2021, but the prevalence increased. Disparities in these measures by race/ethnicity, sex, and neighborhood socioeconomic status should motivate future measures to promote health equity.

Indexed as

DementiaMedicareAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceMalePrevalenceUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40393738
PMCPMC12089987

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.