Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40393662›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of dentistry2026

Bovine Teeth as Substitutes for Human Teeth in Dental Research: Ultrastructural and Radiographic Analysis.

Mahmoud Al Ankily, Safaa Baz, Heba Mahmoud, Mahmoud M Bakr, Mohamed Shamel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mahmoud Al AnkilyOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-8935-4619
Safaa BazOral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-4694-060X
Heba MahmoudOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0009-0004-6383-2629
Mahmoud M BakrGeneral Dental Practice, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Mohamed ShamelOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-0061-5163

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Obtaining an alternative for human teeth in research remains challenging. The current study aimed to determine the validity of utilizing bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth. Materials and Methods: Sound human maxillary premolars and bovine permanent lower central incisors were obtained. The human and bovine teeth were divided into groups ( Statistical Analysis: The data was statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance along with a paired sample Results: SEM analysis of human and bovine samples in different hard tissues showed minor changes, mainly the human enamel had a smoother surface with distinct prism profiles, whereas the bovine dentin had larger and more widely separated dentinal tubules. EDX analysis revealed that the compositions of Ca and P, along with their Ca/P ratios in terms of enamel, dentin, and cementum, were comparable. For radiographic density, the findings revealed minor differences between human and bovine samples. No statistically significant differences among the studied groups were detected. Conclusion: This study revealed minor variations in structure, chemical composition, and radiographic density between human and bovine hard tissues, but without statistical significance, supporting the utilization of bovine teeth as a substitute for that of humans in dental research.

Identifiers

PMID40393662
PMCPMC13287924

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.