Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40392438›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Associations Between Community Social Vulnerability or Socioeconomic Deprivation and Respiratory Virus Infection in Decedents in a Large, Urban Medical Examiner's Office.

Xinnuo Zhao, Carl J Schmidt, Jon Zelner, Emily T Martin, Marisa C Eisenberg, Paul R Lephart, Andrea Jaworski, Allecia M Wilson, Andrew F Brouwer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinnuo ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.
Carl J SchmidtDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1264-8659
Jon ZelnerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0708-2008
Emily T MartinDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.
Marisa C EisenbergDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4221-830X
Paul R LephartDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8938-2257
Andrea JaworskiDepartment of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Allecia M WilsonDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Andrew F BrouwerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48130, USA. brouweaf@umich.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3779-5287

Funding

Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics NU38FT000002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrent respiratory virus surveillance relies primarily on medically attended, symptomatic cases, which may distort the true patterns of respiratory virus infection. Estimating the underlying respiratory viral infection patterns, regardless of the symptomatic status, may help us to better intervene and address issues of racial and ethnic health equity. We tested decedents from the Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office (Wayne & Monroe Counties, Michigan including Detroit) regardless of the cause of death.

methodsNasopharyngeal samples were collected from decedents at the Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office between October 2020 and September 2022 and tested for a panel of respiratory viruses. We identified 3430 decedents with catchment addresses, which we linked to the social vulnerability index (SVI) and area deprivation index (ADI) through US Census tract/block. We evaluated non-linear associations between each of adenovirus (AdV), SARS-CoV-2, parainfluenza virus 2 (PIV2), rhinovirus (RV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevalence and ADI, SVI, and SVI subthemes using splines in log-binomial regression models.

resultsThere were few statistically significant associations observed between overall SVI or ADI and respiratory virus infection prevalence. However, RV was significantly associated with ADI, SVI, and most SVI subthemes. The SVI Minority Status and Language (MSL) subtheme was statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of AdV and RV (p < 0.05) and associations with SARS-CoV-2 and RSV approached significance (p < 0.10).

conclusionsOur results suggest that the MSL subtheme of SVI may be the most informative community-level predictor of respiratory virus infections and could be used to prioritize health-equity-focused distribution of public health resources.

Indexed as

Respiratory Tract InfectionsSocial VulnerabilityVirus DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleMichiganMiddle AgedPrevalenceArea deprivation indexDecedentHealth disparityRespiratory virusSocial vulnerability index

Identifiers

PMID40392438
PMCPMC13346123

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.