Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40392291›Full record

ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2025

Current etiology of hypertension in European children - factors associated with primary hypertension.

Łukasz Obrycki, Krzysztof Skoczyński, Maksymilian Sikorski, Jan Koziej, Kacper Mitoraj, Jakub Pilip, Michał Pac, Janusz Feber, Mieczysław Litwin

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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Early signs of nephropathy in adolescents with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Hypertension in middle childhood.BMC pediatrics · 2026
    Article
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Łukasz ObryckiDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland. l.obrycki@ipczd.pl.ORCID 0000-0002-5134-8643
Krzysztof SkoczyńskiDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Maksymilian SikorskiDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Jan KoziejDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Kacper MitorajDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Jakub PilipDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Michał PacDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.
Janusz FeberDivision of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
Mieczysław LitwinDepartment of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04 - 730, Warsaw, Poland.

Funding

The Children’s Memorial Health Institute INTRAMURAL
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile hypertension (HT) in pediatric patients is often secondary (SH), recent trends show a rise in primary hypertension (PH), which is associated with an increasing global prevalence of obesity. A relationship between serum uric acid and PH has also been suggested. Our study aimed to assess the etiology of HT and factors associated with PH in a large European cohort of children referred for HT based on office blood pressure (BP) measurements.

methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 2008 children aged 0-18 years (12.3 ± 4.9 years) diagnosed with HT. Patients were classified into white coat hypertension (WCH), PH, or SH groups based on office BP, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and clinical evaluation. Anthropometric, hemodynamic, and biochemical data were collected.

resultsOut of 2008 patients included in the analysis, 200 (10%) were excluded due to multifactorial HT diagnosis after kidney transplantation (KTx). Among the remaining patients HT was confirmed in 1260 (548 were classified as WCH). Of 1260 patients with HT: 49.3% had PH, while 50.7% SH, mainly secondary to renal parenchymal disease (43.5% of SH patients), aortic coarctation (20.7%), and renovascular HT (18%). Age > 12.5 years, obesity (BMI SDS (standard deviation score) ≥ 1.65), and serum uric acid > 4.8 mg/dL were identified as significant factors associated with PH.

conclusionsOur study provides valuable insights into the current etiology of pediatric HT and highlights the role of age, obesity, and uric acid level in the diagnosis of PH in children.

Indexed as

HypertensionWhite Coat HypertensionAdolescentAortic CoarctationBlood PressureBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryChildChild, PreschoolEuropeFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceRetrospective StudiesUric AcidHypertension etiologyPediatric hypertensionPrimary hypertensionSecondary hypertensionSerum uric acid

Identifiers

PMID40392291
PMCPMC12402006

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.