ArticleArchives of toxicology2025
Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of Bronopol after oral administration.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the effect of bronopol exposure length on the suppression of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Human Biomonitoring of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Germany: Methods, Exposure Levels, and Health-Based Interpretation.La Medicina del lavoro · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bronopol is a preservative mainly used in various industrial applications, but also in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to investigate the human toxicokinetics of Bronopol after oral administration. Five volunteers (two male and three female) were orally dosed with 9.715 mg Bronopol (0.100 to 0.154 mg/kg bw) and their urine was collected for 48 h. The samples were analyzed for the postulated metabolite 2-nitro-1,3-propanediol using an analytical human biomonitoring method. The maximum urinary concentrations of 1830-7666 µg/L (1981-5847 µg/g creatinine) were reached around 2.5 h (1.7-4.7 h) post dose. The excretion profile was monophasic with an average half life of 6.3 h (4.7-8.6 h). In total, 29.2% (19.5-35.9%) of the oral dose was excreted as 2-nitro-1,3-propanediol making it an amenable biomarker for the assessment of Bronopol exposure. The urinary excretion fraction can be used in population studies for the back-calculation of Bronopol intakes enabling an informed exposure and risk assessment of individual and population exposures.
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Registered trials
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