Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40391457›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2026

"Other" Substance Use Among American Indian Reservation-Area High School Youth.

Mark A Prince, Brandon Paez, Jessica L Morse, Bethany A Gray, Hollis Karoly, Naomi M McFarland, Noah N Emery, Meghan A Crabtree, Randall C Swaim

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mark A PrinceDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Brandon PaezLynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts.
Jessica L MorseDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Bethany A GrayDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Hollis KarolyDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Naomi M McFarlandDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Noah N EmeryDepartment of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Meghan A CrabtreeDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Randall C SwaimDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Funding

Substance Use Among American Indian Youth: Epidemiology & EtiologyR01DA003371 · NIDA · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY-FORT COLLINS · PI Meghan A Crabtree, KIMBERLY L HENRY · 1985 to 2026
$13.7M
Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation for co-occurring depression and alcohol use disorder in adolescents: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot studyR21AA029033 · NIAAA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI EMERY, NOAH, MIRANDA, ROBERT · 2021 to 2022
$447k
NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA029033NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA003371
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveHigh school youth have an elevated risk of substance use. Some substances (e.g., inhalants, MDMA/Ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine]) used by youth are overlooked or grouped in an "other" category. Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, American Indian (AI) youth may be at higher risk of using these substances. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence and patterns of use of other substances among youth living on or near reservations.

methodThis study uses data from Our Youth Our Future, a national probability sample survey of substance use among reservation-based youth (

resultsResults indicate that AI youth largely did not endorse other substance use at significantly higher rates than non-AI youth. However, in two regions, they held higher odds of using any other substance than non-AI participants. In the Southeast and Northwest, AI youth were less likely to use prescription opioids and over-the-counter cold medicines than non-AI youth, respectively. Notable effects for sex emerged, such that males in the Southwest were more likely to use inhalants, hallucinogens, and tranquilizers than female participants. Participants in the Southern Plains reported the highest prevalence of other substance use.

conclusionsAlthough the overall risk of using other substances is similar between AI and non-AI youth in many regions, differences in use patterns by AI identity and sex can help target prevention and intervention efforts.

Indexed as

Indians, North AmericanSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSchoolsStudentsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40391457
PMCPMC12535793

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.