ArticleToxicology reports2025
Chlorpyrifos abolished C2C12 myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation via mitochondrial stress.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide reported to contaminate agricultural products, and is absorbed through the gastrointestinal mucosa, respiratory epithelium, and skin. To date, knowledge about the effect of CPF on skeletal muscle stem cells responsible for muscle formation and regeneration is still limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CPF on skeletal muscle stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and mitochondrial stress. Methods: This study used the C2C12 myoblast cell line as a model for skeletal muscle stem cells. The myoblasts were treated with CPF at 0-100 µM for 24-72 h. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT assay, cell counting, Ki-67 immunostaining, and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by H Results: Treatment with 50-100 µM CPF significantly decreased myoblast cell viability and cell proliferation 24 h after treatment. Flow cytometry revealed that CPF significantly decreased cells in G0/G1, but increased cell accumulation at Sub G0/G1, S, and G2/M cell cycle phases. In addition, CPF significantly increased ROS production and downregulated mitochondrial-related genes Conclusion: CPF potentially abrogated myoblast proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. These findings raise concerns about the potential adverse effects of CPF contamination in agricultural products on consumers.
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