ArticleJournal of internal medicine2025
Higher circulating FGF21, lower protein intake, and lower muscle mass: Associations with a higher risk of mortality.
Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma Citrate Levels Are Inversely Associated with Estimated Muscle Mass and Strength in Liver Transplant Recipients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Branched-chain amino acids and all-cause mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the onset of diabetes in liver transplant recipients.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Observational
- Circulating FGF-21 as a Disease-Modifying Factor Associated with Distinct Symptoms and Cognitive Profiles in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Fibromyalgia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Higher circulating FGF21, lower protein intake, and lower muscle mass: Associations with a higher risk of mortality.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThis population-based study explores associations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a key modulator of processes linked to protein metabolism, with protein intake and muscle mass, and their relationships with all-cause mortality.
methodsIn 6395 participants (mean age 54 years; 50% women), circulating FGF21 (immunoassay), protein intake (Maroni equation using 24-h urinary urea excretion; low intake defined as <0.8 g/kg/day), and muscle mass (24-h creatinine excretion rate indexed to height squared (CERI)) were documented.
resultsFGF21 concentration was 896 (540-1384) pg/mL, protein intake was 1.01 (0.85-1.19) g/kg/day, and CERI was 4.1 ± 0.9 mmol/day/m
conclusionHigher FGF21 was associated with higher odds of low protein intake. The observed association of higher FGF21 concentrations and risk mortality was predominantly attributable to lower protein intake. In contrast, both higher protein intake and higher muscle mass were independently associated with lower mortality risk, highlighting the potential relevance of protein intake and maintenance of muscle mass in long-term health.
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Registered trials
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