Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40390001›Full record

Observational studyBMC public health2025

Efficacy of using a digital health intervention model using community health workers for primary health services in Bangladesh: a repeated cross-sectional observational study.

Marzia Zaman, Rubaiyat Alim Hridhee, Refat Ahmed Bhuiyan, Charles Aunkan Gomes, Md Mashiar Rahman, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhana Sarker, Khondaker A Mamun

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marzia ZamanCMED Health Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rubaiyat Alim HridheeAIMS Lab, Institute of Research, Innovation, Incubation and Commercialization (IRIIC), United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Refat Ahmed BhuiyanAIMS Lab, Institute of Research, Innovation, Incubation and Commercialization (IRIIC), United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Charles Aunkan GomesDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Mashiar RahmanPalli Karma-Sahayak Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful IslamInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Farhana SarkerCMED Health Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Khondaker A MamunAIMS Lab, Institute of Research, Innovation, Incubation and Commercialization (IRIIC), United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. mamun@cse.uiu.ac.bd.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health intervention model by observing people's health conditions in a rural area of Bangladesh. Through a repeated cross-sectional design, health outcomes were assessed at six-month intervals over 18 months.

methodsThe data presented in this paper are obtained from the model's pilot implementation in one catchment area in Bangladesh. The model involved community health workers (CHWs) using a smart health kit and Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based mobile application to provide monthly doorstep health education, screenings, risk assessments, and digital referrals. Socio-demographic and health measurement data are presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between diseases and their respective risk factors. We compared health vitals across three consecutive periods to determine the effectiveness of the model in improving health outcomes over time.

resultsThe model served 32,581 people from 7,090 households during this operation. We found that 21.76% of the served population were overweight, 8.18% had prehypertension, 16.45% had high blood glucose, and 11% children were malnourished. From the analysis of risk factors, we found that people aged

conclusionThis study highlights the feasibility and effectiveness of digital health interventions in enhancing primary healthcare in rural settings. Integration of AI-driven decision support with CHW-led health education and screenings can improve early detection, intervention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Scaling up this model through public-private partnerships offers a cost-effective approach to bridging healthcare gaps and promoting universal health coverage.

Indexed as

Community Health WorkersPrimary Health CareAdolescentAdultArtificial IntelligenceBangladeshChildCross-Sectional StudiesDigital HealthFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMobile ApplicationsRural PopulationTelemedicineArtificial intelligenceClinical decision support system (CDSS)Community health workers (CHWs)Digital health inclusionDigital health intervention modelHealth equityNon-communicable diseases (NCD)Primary healthcareSustainable development goalsUniversal health coverage

Identifiers

PMID40390001
PMCPMC12087202

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.