Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40389763›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Appraisal of Glycerylmonostearate/chitosan Hybrid Nanocapsules As Peroral Delivery System of Simvastatin.

Mohammed Elmowafy, Khaled Shalaby, Nabil K Alruwaili, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Mohammed H Elkomy, Mohamed A Abdelgawad, Ehab M Mostafa, Ayman Salama, Abdulsalam M Kassem, Mohamed F Ibrahim and 1 more

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Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mohammed ElmowafyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. melmowafy@ju.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-8195
Khaled ShalabyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Nabil K AlruwailiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Omar Awad AlsaidanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed H ElkomyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed A AbdelgawadDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Ehab M MostafaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Ayman SalamaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulsalam M KassemDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed F IbrahimDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
Mahran Mohamed Abd El-EmamDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Simvastatin is one the most commonly used drugs for treatment of hypercholesterolemia but suffers from low bioavailability (about 5%) owing to poor aqueous solubility and extensive first pass metabolism. Glycerylmonostearate/chitosan hybrid olive oil cored nanocapsules were fabricated by a self-assembly method. Nine batches were successfully produced based on glycerylmonostearate/chitosan ratio and olive oil concentration. Selected formulation was and evaluated for oral bioavailability enhancement and pharmacodynamics. Glycerylmonostearate/chitosan ratio strongly influence the particle size and encapsulation of the formulations. Higher concentrations of olive oil produced larger particle size, heterogeneous distribution and higher encapsulation. Embedding of SIM in system matrix with existence in amorphous state was verified by DSC and FTIR tools. Selected formulation significantly enhanced SIM oral bioavailability with a 3.27-time higher in AUC when compared to SIM suspension. In addition, in vivo prolonged effect was verified by higher elimination half-life and mean residence time in plasma. Furthermore, pathological changes in liver and aorta associated with Poloxamer 704 injection have been mostly corrected. Serum lipid profile, liver function enzymes and oxidative stress were also restored. According to these results, glycerylmonostearate/chitosan hybrid olive oil cored nanocapsules proved to be a promising formulation strategy to significantly enhance SIM peroral bioavailability and therefore therapeutic efficacy.

Indexed as

ChitosanNanocapsulesSimvastatinAdministration, OralAnimalsBiological AvailabilityChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug Delivery SystemsMaleOlive OilParticle SizeRatsSolubilityChitosanNanocapsulesOlive OilSimvastatinBioavailability, AntihyperlipidemiaChitosanHybridPolymer-lipid hybrid nanocapsulesSimvastatin

Identifiers

PMID40389763

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.