ArticleInternational wound journal2025
A Scoping Review to Identify Clinical Signs, Symptoms and Biomarkers Reported in the Literature to Be Indicative of Biofilm in Chronic Wounds.
Article in International wound journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Biofilm-Associated Infection in Chronic Wounds: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.International wound journal · 2026Pooled it
- An update on biofilms in acute and chronic wounds: Incidence, clinical evidence, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Pathology-derived clinical micro-architectural diagnostics of tumour-microbiome interactions in colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Malignant Fungating Wounds in Advanced Cancer: Pathophysiology, Odor Control, and Dignity-Centered Management.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Low-frequency ultrasound-assisted application of Ag/Cu nanocomposites as a promising strategy for the treatment of purulent wounds.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Real-World Experience in the Treatment of Biofilm-Associated Wounds Using Medical-Grade Honey: A Retrospective Case Series.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Biofilm in Chronic Wounds. What Do Practitioners Think? Consensus Through an Electronic Delphi Survey.International wound journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Bedside inoculation accelerates detection and improves microbiological diagnosis efficiency compared to delayed inoculation.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this review was to identify clinical signs/symptoms reported in the literature to be indicative of biofilm in chronic wounds. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis manual guided review conduct. Any article/study type reporting signs/symptoms of biofilm in adults with venous, diabetic, pressure and/or mixed arterial/venous ulcers was eligible. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine were searched. Titles/abstracts and full-text articles were screened against eligibility criteria. One-hundred and eleven reports of 109 articles were included. They provided 830 accounts of clinical signs/ symptoms being indicative of biofilm. These were categorised into 26 statements. Visual indicators such as a shiny, slimy layer on a non-healing wound surface quickly reforming in the absence of frequent cleansing or debridement represented 24% of accounts, followed by failed response to antimicrobial therapies (15%), and failure of wound to close or progress to healing despite optimal management strategies (13%). Wound duration > 6 weeks and extreme tolerance to host defences represented 1% of accounts. Clinical signs/symptoms are recommended and used as indicators of biofilm presence in chronic wounds but with little supporting validation data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.