ArticleScientific reports2025
Sustainable activated carbon from copper pod tree leaves for efficient tetracycline removal and regeneration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Green valorization of waste bone into a nano-hydroxyapatite adsorbent for Pb(ii) removal: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and mechanistic insights.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Statistical optimization of high specific surface area zinc oxide synthesized through carbonation and thermal decomposition using response surface methodology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synthesis of Lignin-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon via Hydrothermal-Phosphoric Acid Synergistic Activation for Enhanced Adsorption of Tetracycline.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The persistence of tetracycline (TC) in water poses environmental risks, including antibiotic resistance, necessitating effective removal. This study explores the synthesis and application of activated carbon from copper pod tree leaves for TC adsorption. The adsorbent was produced through orthophosphoric acid activation at low temperature and characterized using multiple techniques. FESEM revealed a porous structure favorable for adsorption, while EDS confirmed the presence of carbon, oxygen, and phosphorus. FTIR identified hydroxyl and carbonyl groups facilitating hydrogen bonding with TC, enhancing adsorption. XRD confirmed the adsorbent's amorphous nature, while BET revealed a high surface area (865.06 m²/g). XPS further identified C-O and C = O bonds, further supporting adsorption. Kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.9765), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The isotherm modeling results indicated that the Langmuir model provided an excellent fit to the experimental data (R² = 0.9952), demonstrating a high monolayer adsorption capacity of 103.32 mg/g. Thermodynamics confirmed spontaneity and endothermicity with a ΔH° of 50.75 kJ/mol. The prepared adsorbent effectively removed TC across natural water matrices, retaining high performance after five regeneration cycles.
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