ArticleScientific reports2025
Preparation of Iron oxide/palladium nanoparticles modified with carbon quantum dots (Pd@CQD@Fe
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have facilitated the application of nanoparticles in various biomedical fields. This study synthesized iron oxide/palladium nanoparticles modified with carbon quantum dots (Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄) and evaluated their cytotoxic and anticancer effects on SK-OV-3 (ovarian carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) human cell lines. Characterization of Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was performed using SEM, EDS, XPS, VSM and zeta potential analysis. The Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄-treated group exhibited a significantly increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to the control group. To assess the cytotoxic activities of Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the MTT assay was utilized, revealing a dose- and time-dependent response. Flow cytometry-based apoptosis assays revealed that cytotoxicity was mediated through apoptosis in both MCF-7 and SK-OV-3 cells. Gene expression analysis utilizing real-time PCR revealed significant alterations in Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-8, and caspase-9 levels following Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ treatment. Notably, the Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle exhibited higher cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3, MCF-7 cancerous cells compared to normal cells. Caspase-8 mRNA expression increased by 1.40-fold in MCF-7 and 1.11-fold in SK-OV-3 cell lines. Caspase-3/7 protein levels rose by 3.00-fold in Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄-treated SK-OV-3 cells. Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ induced total apoptosis in 79.8% of MCF-7 and 77.01% of SK-OV-3 cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry, indicating strong pro-apoptotic activity in both cell lines. These findings suggest that Pd@CQD@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles possess potent anticancer activity and offer the potential for targeted drug delivery enhancement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.