ArticleScientific reports2025
The impact of virtual images of coastal landscape features on stress recovery based on EEG.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stress recovery effects of visual exposure to bamboo landscapes in urban parks: Evidence from physiological and psychological responses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beyond beneficial or ineffective: three-way decision modeling of image-level affective responses to restorative environment design.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- The Application of VR Technology in Engineering Issues: Geodesy and Geomatics, Mining, Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding how coastal landscape features influence stress recovery can provide valuable insights for designing healthier urban environments. This study aims to evaluate the psychological and physiological restorative effects of four types of coastal landscape features-coastal walkway, coastal mountain park, coastal plaza, and coastal beach-using immersive virtual reality simulations. 44 university students participated in a laboratory experiment involving subjective evaluations, heart rate variability, and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements. The results demonstrated that virtual images of coastal landscape features alleviate mood disturbances and enhance perceived recovery. Specifically, autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses showed significant improvement: low-frequency to high-frequency ratio decreased by 8.47-20.20%, root mean square of successive differences increased by 8.41-27.83%, and the standard deviation of heart intervals increased by 13.05-25.07%. EEG findings further revealed reduced brain energy consumption, with total power decreasing by 0.83-9.10% and α relative power increasing by 2.76-28.51%. The virtual images of coastal walkway demonstrated the strongest restorative effect, especially in promoting optimal neural avalanche activity (12.70-18.17% improvement). Correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between ANS and brain responses. Notably, this study innovatively introduced neural avalanche parameters to assess brain criticality states, offering a novel approach to evaluating environmental restoration. These findings contribute to environmental psychology by offering scientific evidence for optimizing coastal landscape design to support mental health and stress regulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.