ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
Oncolytic VSV-IL-2 has enhanced anticancer vaccination adjuvant abilities.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02285816 (A Phase I/II Study of MG1 Maraba/MAGE-A3), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Study of MG1 Maraba/MAGE-A3 (MG1MA3), With and Without Adenovirus Vaccine, With Transgenic MAGE-A3 Insertion (AdMA3) in Patients With Incurable Advanced/Metastatic MAGE-A3-Expressing Solid Tumours
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer: therapeutic strategies and biomarker-guided approaches.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Bridging mechanism and clinic: unlocking the full potential of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Viruses of avian origin demonstrate potential for cancer virotherapy.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing GM-CSF and IL-12 enhances anti-tumor efficacy in immunocompetent murine melanoma model.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy: Recent Progress and Emerging Trends.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Synergy of oncolytic adenovirus and immune checkpoint inhibitors: transforming cancer immunotherapy paradigms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeterologous oncolytic virus prime-boost vaccination is emerging as a promising cancer immunotherapy to establish potent antitumor immunity. With their natural ability to specifically destroy cancer cells, oncolytic viruses also allow for direct oncolysis and our team has previously demonstrated that they can be used as vaccination adjuvants when co-administered with antigenic peptides. As such, adjuvant oncolytic virus vaccines can easily be tailored to target any antigen, which is particularly important in the context of personalized vaccines against patient-specific mutations. Here, we tested if oncolytic viruses engineered to express the immune-stimulating transgene interleukin-2 have improved vaccination adjuvant potential.
methodsFor this proof-of-concept study, we generated an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) variant (MD51) that encodes the T-cell activator cytokine interleukin-2 and measured its vaccination adjuvant potential in a heterologous virus immune boosting approach, 1 week after immune priming compared with the parental virus (also MD51). Tumor-free and B16F10-Ova tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated against the Ova peptide using either virus as adjuvants. The immune response induced by each vaccination regimen was assessed by flow cytometry to characterize antigen-specific CD8 T cells over time. Treatment efficacy was also measured.
resultsOur data show that VSV-interleukin-2 is superior as a vaccine boosting adjuvant compared with the parental virus as it induces more antigen-specific CD8 T cells with enhanced effector functions that persist over time. VSV-interleukin-2 vaccination also improves tumor control and survival.
conclusionsOverall, we show that engineered oncolytic virus platforms, such as VSV-interleukin-2, have the potential to improve vaccination efficacy and treatment outcomes. Our findings deepen our understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying the use of oncolytic viruses as anticancer vaccination platforms and will allow for the development of a new generation of improved oncolytic virus vaccine adjuvants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02285816.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.