ArticlePloS one2025
Reducing the effective dosage of flutamide on prostate cancer cell lines through combination with selenium nanoparticles: An in-vitro study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Albumin Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights Into Bio-Inspired Design and Clinical Translation.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveObjective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in combination with flutamide for treating prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. The goal was to reduce the dosage of flutamide to decrease its side effects, especially hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND
methodsPC3, LnCAP, and DU145 cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of SeNPs and Flutamide to determine IC50 values using the MTT assay. Subsequently, the IC50 concentration of flutamide was reduced by 50% and different concentrations of SeNPs were added to determine new IC50 concentrations of the combinations. Annexin-V/ PI staining was performed to assess the apoptosis rate. The DNA cell cycle was analyzed using the PI staining technique. Migration, proliferative capability, and nucleus morphology of the cells were evaluated through the scratch-wound assay, colony-forming assay, and Hoechst staining, respectively. The expression of SNAIL, KLK3, E-cadherin, VEGF-C, HIF-1α, Bcl2, and BAX were examined using real-time PCR.
resultsAll treated groups significantly increased early and late apoptosis rate of the PCa cell lines, and induced SubG1/G1 arrest in the cell cycle assay, compared to the control group. Significant inhibition of migration potential and colony formation was observed in all treated groups. Our results suggest that the combination group (50% decrease of Flutamide dosage) treatment upregulated apoptosis-related genes and KLK3, and downregulated genes involved in angiogenesis and proliferation similar to Flutamide alone (p > 0.05).
conclusionIt is suggested that simultaneous administration of SeNPs and flutamide could potentially reduce the effective dosage of flutamide and decrease its adverse effects.
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