Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40388080›Full record

ArticleHormones (Athens, Greece)2025

Hub genes and key pathways of Graves' disease: bioinformatics analysis and validation.

Duan-Rong Zhuang, Xin Hu, Hui-Bin Huang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Duan-Rong ZhuangEndocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian, Medical University, 1602,Tower 4, One Pacific Place, Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China. Aiaiai3332024@163.com.
Xin HuEndocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian, Medical University, 1602,Tower 4, One Pacific Place, Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
Hui-Bin HuangEndocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian, Medical University, 1602,Tower 4, One Pacific Place, Donghai Street, Fengze District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province 2020J01240
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to identify hub genes associated with the onset and progression of Graves' disease (GD) with the goal of developing novel biomarkers to enhance diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.

methodsmRNA profiles from thyroid tissue samples (24 GD vs. 24 normal controls) were obtained from GEO (GSE9340), ArrayExpress (E-MEXP-2612), and GTEx (Thyroid dataset). After batch correction via SVA algorithm, 366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using limma. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and immune microenvironment analysis were performed. Hub genes were validated in clinical thyroid specimens (3 GD vs. 3 controls) using RT-qPCR.

resultsA total of 366 DEGs were identified in the diseased and normal groups. Among these, eight hub genes (TYROBP, CSF1R, CD163, ITGAM, CD86, FCGR3B, ITGB2, and IL10RA) showed strong correlations with immune cell content. These genes were predominantly enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, phagosome, chemokine signaling, programmed cell death, NF-κB, and other pathways. Additionally, these hub genes were linked to 39 regulatory factors. mRNA levels of these hub genes were validated in clinical samples through RT-qPCR. It is noteworthy that eight genes were found to be upregulated in GD samples.

conclusionThe study highlights the potential impact of ITGB 2, TYROBP, CSF1R, CD163, ITGAM, CD86, FCGR3B, and IL10RA on the development and progression of GD, supporting their role as potential biomarkers.

Indexed as

Gene Regulatory NetworksGraves DiseaseComputational BiologyGene Expression ProfilingHumansProtein Interaction MapsSignal TransductionTranscriptomeBioinformatic analysisBiomarkerDifferentially expressed genesGraves’ diseasemRNA

Identifiers

PMID40388080

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.