SynthesisWorldviews on evidence-based nursing2025
Effects of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression of Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Worldviews on evidence-based nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of yoga exercise on stress relief capacity and emotional changes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Change in psychosocial target processes during prenatal depression intervention: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy can adversely affect maternal, fetal, and child health. To alleviate these symptoms, nonpharmacological interventions have been increasingly utilized as supportive approaches.
aimTo compare nonpharmacological interventions and determine their effectiveness in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression levels during pregnancy.
methodsThis systematic review adheres to the network meta-analysis extension for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 2015 statement for design and reporting. The included studies were comprised of quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trials that aimed to assess the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions on stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using the "mvmeta" package in Stata/SE 15. PubMed, APA PsycNET, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2021.
resultsThis star network meta-analysis included 38 trials with 3555 pregnant women and eight nonpharmacological interventions for stress, anxiety, and depression. The findings indicate that spiritual meditation was the most effective intervention in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy. Mindfulness-based stress reduction was identified as another effective intervention specifically for reducing stress. Furthermore, during pregnancy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was found to be the second most effective intervention in reducing depression. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Our research showed that spiritual meditation might be the most effective intervention for reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women. Health professionals could consider recommending spiritual meditation as a complementary therapy to pregnant women to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.
trial registrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42021261089.
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Registered trials
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