Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40387376›Full record

ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2025

DNA Methylation of iNOS, eNOS, TP53 and LINE-1 in Gingival Tissues of Cigarette Smokers, Heat-Not-Burn Smokers and Never Smokers: An Exploratory Study.

Giulio Rasperini, Michele Codari, Alessandra Moiana, Letizia Tarantini, Valentina Bollati, Gionata Bellucci, Dario Consonni, Lena Larsson, Farah Asa'ad

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Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Giulio RasperiniDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3836-147X
Michele CodariDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Alessandra MoianaDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Letizia TarantiniEPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Valentina BollatiEPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Gionata BellucciDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Dario ConsonniEpidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Lena LarssonDepartment of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Farah Asa'adDepartment of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5186-2645

Funding

This study was self-supported.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIn this exploratory study, the influence of traditional cigarette smoking and heat-not-burn device smoking (HnB) on DNA methylation of cancer-associated genes in smokers compared to never smokers was evaluated. MATERIALS &

methodsTwenty-eight healthy individuals undergoing dental care were enrolled into three groups: (i) 10 traditional smokers, (ii) 8 HnB smokers, and (iii) 10 never smokers. Gingival biopsies were obtained, and DNA methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing for the cancer-associated genes: iNOS, eNOS and TP53. LINE-1 sequence was selected for genome-wide methylation readout.

resultsHnB smokers exhibited approximately a 13% higher iNOS methylation compared to both traditional smokers and never smokers (p = 0.004 in a crude analysis and p = 0.01 in a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for gender and age). However, HnB smoking did not influence the DNA methylation levels of TP53, eNOS, and LINE-1 in gingival tissues, as these were comparable to the levels observed in traditional smokers and never smokers.

conclusionsHnB device smoking increased DNA methylation levels of iNOS gene, which might indicate a decreased iNOS expression in HnB smokers, compared to traditional smokers and never smokers. Implications of the observed iNOS methylation status in the development of oral cancer needs to be investigated in future studies.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingDNA MethylationGingivaLong Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIISmokingTumor Suppressor Protein p53AdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNon-SmokersSmokersNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINOS2 protein, humanNOS3 protein, humanTP53 protein, humanTumor Suppressor Protein p53DNA methylationeNOS enzymeiNOS enzymeLINE‐1 elementsoral mucosasmokingTP53 gene

Identifiers

PMID40387376
PMCPMC12086971

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