ArticleDevelopmental science2025
Putting the Social in Emotions: The Effect of Audience Presence on Pride and Embarrassment Across Ontogeny.
Article in Developmental science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The expression of self-conscious emotions and their motivational and communicative function in early development.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
We care about others' opinions of us and regulate our emotions to make positive impressions. This form of impression management may change during ontogeny as children become increasingly sensitive to others. To examine whether self-conscious emotions are influenced by audience presence across the lifespan, we induced embarrassment and pride in n = 71 3.5-5-year-old children, n = 71 8-10-year-old children, and n = 73 adults, either in the presence of an audience or alone. We measured nonverbal expressions of emotion, physiological arousal, and self-reported emotional experiences. All participants reported more embarrassment and blushed more while watching their singing performance in the presence of others. However, participants' pride was not contingent on audience presence and differed across age, with adults showing the most nonverbal expressions of pride. These results elucidate how social environments shape how we feel and express emotions across development.
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