Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40387094›Full record

ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2025

Bridging Gaps in Congenital Syphilis Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative for Comprehensive Management at a Large Public Hospital in Los Angeles, California, USA.

Diana D Villarreal, Jessica Perez, Mikhaela D Cielo, James Homans, Susan M Butler-Wu, Cecilia Patino-Sutton, Jeffrey D Klausner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diana D VillarrealFrom the Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child and Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Disease and Virology.ORCID 0009-0001-6347-4559
Jessica PerezKeck School of Medicine.
Mikhaela D CieloFrom the Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child and Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Disease and Virology.
James HomansFrom the Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child and Adolescent/Adult Center for Infectious Disease and Virology.
Susan M Butler-WuDepartment of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine.
Cecilia Patino-SuttonDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences.
Jeffrey D Klausner

Funding

Syphilis Immunology and Biology to Improve Clinical Management and Vaccine DesignR01AI139265 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jeffrey David Klausner · 2018 to 2026
$4.8M
Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Cefixime Versus Penicillin G for Treatment of Early SyphilisR01AI155217 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jeffrey David Klausner · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
Clinical Study of STI Screening to Prevent Adverse Birth and Newborn OutcomesR01AI149339 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KLAUSNER, JEFFREY DAVID, MEDINA-MARINO, ANDREW · 2020 to 2024
$4.3M
Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of endogenous retroviral controlF30AI129265 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI TREGER, REBECCA · 2017 to 2019
$108k
NIAID NIH HHS F30 AI129265NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI139265NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI149339NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCongenital syphilis rates are rising in the United States and globally, necessitating standardized care for infants born to mothers with syphilis. The Centers for Disease Control recommends comprehensive evaluation, treatment, and follow-up for these infants to ensure optimal outcomes. LOCAL PROBLEM: At Los Angeles General Medical Center, a retrospective review of 97 infants (2022-2023) revealed gaps in adherence to national guidelines, particularly in risk stratification, treatment decisions, and outpatient follow-up planning. Among 15 syphilis-exposed infants (2 unknown-risk, 4 high-risk, 9 low-risk), some received abbreviated or potentially inadequate treatment without a full evaluation, while others had treatment deferred without ensuring appropriate outpatient follow-up. These inconsistencies in postnatal management highlighted the need for a structured, multidisciplinary approach to improve adherence to best practices.

methodsA quality improvement team developed the "Congenital Syphilis Pathway" to standardize care and improve adherence to the Centers for Disease Control guidelines. The intervention included recommended Pediatric Infectious Disease consultation to improve risk stratification and treatment decisions, targeted provider education to enhance guideline adherence, and systematic scheduling of outpatient follow-up to ensure appropriate postnatal monitoring. The pathway aimed to achieve 90% compliance with recommended evaluation, treatment, and follow-up practices between January and June 2024.

interventionsThe pathway recommended a Pediatric Infectious Disease consultation for all eligible infants during their hospital stay and included educational sessions on congenital syphilis management for key stakeholders at three points during implementation to reinforce protocol adherence.

resultsThe population included all infants born to mothers with syphilis at Los Angeles General Medical Center. Following pathway implementation in January 2024, Pediatric Infectious Disease consultation rates reached 100% by June 2024. Appropriate management improved from 85% at baseline to 100% in Q2 2024, while follow-up scheduling increased from 54% at baseline to 91% in Q2 2024.

conclusionA structured care pathway integrating standardized consultations, provider education, and systematic follow-up planning significantly improved adherence to congenital syphilis management guidelines. While direct pediatric infectious disease consultation may not be feasible in all settings, the core elements of this intervention - standardized evaluation pathways, provider education, and public health collaboration - can be adapted to improve care in diverse health care environments.

Indexed as

Hospitals, PublicQuality ImprovementSyphilis, CongenitalFemaleGuideline AdherenceHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalLos AngelesMalePractice Guidelines as TopicPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID40387094
PMCPMC12339207

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.