ArticleSSM - population health2025
The contribution of social determinants of health to long-term outcomes following traumatic brain injury.
Article in SSM - population health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Screening for Unmet Basic Needs in Emergency Departments: Opinions and Preferences of Adult Trauma Patients.Journal of emergency nursing · 2026Article
- A systems approach to understanding injury care in LMICs using causal loop diagrams.BMJ global health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are a significant factor in health outcomes for both acute and chronic health conditions, but systematic research related to outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been limited. This study explores the relationship between individual and neighborhood-level SDoH and TBI outcomes to understand the extent of their influence on long-term recovery. Hybrid panel models that decompose time-varying predictors into between- and within-person effects were used to examine the relationships between SDoH and participation in the community, life satisfaction, and global functioning for persons with moderate to severe TBI one to 30 years post-injury. Participants were 9263 persons, distributed nationally, who received inpatient rehabilitation for TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems longitudinal study. Individual-level SDoH included sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, insurance, primary means of transportation, and rurality. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used as an indicator of neighborhood disadvantage. Results indicated that neighborhood-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes between individuals but not due to change in a given individual's neighborhood. These findings were robust to the inclusion of numerous individual-level SDoH, which were also associated with the outcomes. Individual-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes both between individuals and with change in a given individual's status. Among four thematic subscales constituting the SVI, the socio-economic status subscale was consistently associated with all three outcomes.
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Registered trials
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