ArticleEthnicity & disease2025
Occurrence of Comorbid Metabolic and Depressive Symptoms across Sociodemographic Categories in the United States.
Article in Ethnicity & disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to quantify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic strata in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020 data for participants aged 18 years and older. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome alone and in combination was measured across racial/ethnic, sex, age, and income strata. Chi-square tests were used for between-group comparisons. Results: Over 7% of sampled adults had comorbid depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome, representing 18.3 million Americans. These conditions were not equally distributed across racial/ethnic groups (χ Conclusions: Disparities in comorbid conditions exist across socioeconomic and demographic strata. Achieving optimal and equitable health outcomes for people with these comorbidities will require "whole-person-in-context" interventions. Integrated approaches to coexisting medical, psychological, and social complexities are needed.
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