Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40385591›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2025

The burden of hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease: a systematic literature review.

Jürgen Floege, Andrew H Frankel, Kevin F Erickson, Ketevan Rtveladze, Yogesh Punekar, Jahangir Nabi Mir, Jessica Walters, Alexandra Ehm, James Fotheringham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Piezo1 dictates KProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jürgen FloegeDivision of Nephrology and Dept of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Andrew H FrankelImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Kevin F EricksonBaylor College of Medicine, TX, USA.
Ketevan RtveladzeIQVIA, London, UK.
Yogesh PunekarIQVIA, London, UK.
Jahangir Nabi MirIQVIA, Gurugram, Haryana, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-9063
Jessica WaltersIQVIA, London, UK.
Alexandra EhmBoehringer Ingelheim, Germany.
James FotheringhamSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-2223

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The global epidemiology and burden of hyperkalaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear due to the inconsistent definitions of hyperkalaemia. The combination of adverse effects and interaction between comorbidity and pharmacotherapies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), justify a systematic understanding of this common complication of CKD. Methods: This systematic literature review aimed to identify and descriptively summarize the evidence on hyperkalaemia risk factors and associated characteristics in adult CKD patients, including the effects of sub-optimal RAASi. Medline Results: A total of 138 studies described in 145 publications met the eligibility criteria. The published literature revealed varying prevalence of hyperkalaemia amongst inconsistent definitions and a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of hyperkalaemia among patients with CKD, regardless of RAASi treatment. Hyperkalaemia was associated with adverse outcomes and increased hospital resource use. Additionally, studies pointed to negative health and economic outcomes due to sub-optimal RAASi dosing in CKD patients with hyperkalaemia, as well as in those with CKD and comorbid heart failure. Conclusions: This review expands on current research, offering a new perspective specifically focused on CKD patients and wider clinical and economic outcomes. Identification of wider clinical and economic consequences of hyperkalaemia in CKD patients, and the interplay between these risks and the risks of sub-optimal RAASi dosing, justify the need for future research. Clinicians should exercise caution when managing this condition in this complex patient group.

Indexed as

CKDepidemiologyhealth and economic outcomeshyperkalaemiaRAASisub-optimal dosing

Identifiers

PMID40385591
PMCPMC12082095

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.