ANMCO position paper 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from diagnosis to treatment'.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a non-rare genetic cardiomyopathy, with an estimated prevalence of 1:500, characterized by an increase in the left ventricular wall thickness in the absence of increased loading conditions. The hypertrophy is mostly asymmetric and predominantly affects the basal septum and anterior wall. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, at rest or after provocative tests, is detected in many patients and represents the primary cause of reduced functional capacity, as well as an independent predictor of sudden cardiac death and advanced heart failure. Until ∼1 year ago, symptomatic patients despite maximal therapy with β-blockers or calcium channel blockers plus disopyramide had only basal septal reduction therapy through myectomy or septal alcoholization as additional therapeutic options. Today, a new class of drugs that inhibit cardiac myosin activity is available for patients with obstructive HCM. In light of the new treatment perspectives, the correct clinical-therapeutic classification of affected patients becomes of fundamental importance for the cardiologist. The aim of this position paper is to increase the knowledge of cardiologists in the field of HCM, defining its epidemiological, genetic, and pathological characteristics, identifying the diagnostic criteria and instrumental methods capable of stratifying the risk profile, with the aim of an optimal therapy tailored on the single patient.