ArticleACS omega2025
A Highly Soluble Two-Electron Storage Viologen Negolyte for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), exploiting the reversible redox properties of aqueous soluble organic species to store energy, have been considered as a favorable large-scale and long-term energy storage technology for the deployment of renewable energy. Viologen-based species have been demonstrated as excellent negolyte candidates for AORFBs by virtue of their high water solubility, good electrochemical stability, and diverse molecular structure tunability. However, most viologen derivatives display one-electron redox during operation, limiting the output voltage, power, and energy density of AORFBs. Only a couple of reported viologen derivatives could take full advantage of two-electron reversible redox processes, which are mainly enabled by extending the conjugation skeleton of bipyridinium within viologen, demanding multistep synthesis that is detrimental to mass production. In this context, we proposed the 3-(triethylammonio) propyl viologen tetrachloride (BTMEP-Vi) as a negolyte for AORFBs, which could be acquired via a two-step synthesis from a cost-effective raw material with an acceptable yield. BTMEP-Vi demonstrates a water solubility of 2.56 M and possesses two electron-reversible redox processes at -0.34 and -0.70 V vs standard hydrogen electrode, respectively. A flow battery assembled with BTMEP-Vi displayed a high voltage of 1.50 V and a power density of 168.68 mW cm
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.