Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40384555›Full record

Trial reportJournal of oral rehabilitation2025

Comparative Efficacy of Digital 3D-Printed and Conventional Stable Occlusal Splints in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders.

Han Qin, Yifan Liu, Hui Miao, Tao Wang, Xiaohua Chen, Lei Lu, Mian Zhang, Hongyun Zhang, Jing Zhang, Shaoxiong Guo and 1 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Han QinState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Yifan LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Hui MiaoState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Tao WangDepartment of Stomatology, Airforce Hospital in Central District, Datong, People's Republic of China.
Xiaohua ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Lei LuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Mian ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-361X
Hongyun ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Jing ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Shaoxiong GuoState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Shibin YuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-1249

Funding

Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi ProvinceNational Key Research and Development Program of China
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures.

objectiveThis present study aims to explore the clinical comparative efficacy of digital 3D-printed and conventional handmade stable occlusal splints in the treatment of TMD and provide evidence for clinical promotion.

methodsA total of 130 patients diagnosed with TMD using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. One group received conventional handmade occlusal splints, while the other group received digital 3D-printed splints. The treatment efficacy, craniomandibular index scores and splint fabrication time were compared between the two groups at follow-up.

resultsThe findings indicated that digital 3D-printed stable occlusal splints offered comparable efficacy and satisfaction levels to traditional stabilisation splints while significantly cutting down on production time and enhancing overall efficiency. This study demonstrated that the use of fully digital technology, including digital intraoral scanning, virtual adjustments, computer-aided design and 3D printing, in fabricating occlusal splints for TMD patients not only maintained therapeutic effectiveness but also streamlined the production process.

conclusionsDigital 3D-printed stable occlusal splints can not only alleviate TMD symptoms as effectively and satisfactorily as the conventional handmade stable splint, but also reduce production time and improve accuracy and efficiency, promising good clinical application prospects.

Indexed as

Occlusal SplintsPrinting, Three-DimensionalTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdultComputer-Aided DesignFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult3D printingcost‐effectivenessocclusal splinttemporomandibular disorderstemporomandibular joint

Identifiers

PMID40384555
PMCPMC12426461

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.