Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40384058›Full record

ArticleTransfusion2025

Urban versus rural blood donors in the United States and the relationship with transfusion-transmissible infections.

Galen Conti, Edward P Notari, Roger Y Dodd, Jed Gorlin, Rita Reik, Brian Custer, Benyam Hailu, Hong Yang, Barbee Whitaker, Susan L Stramer

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transfusion, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Galen ContiScientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-9141
Edward P NotariScientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-3628
Roger Y DoddScientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-347X
Jed GorlinPhysician Services, New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York, USA.
Rita ReikScientific, Medical, and Technical Division, OneBlood, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
Brian CusterDepartment of Epidemiology, Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-366X
Benyam HailuThe National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Hong YangCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Barbee WhitakerCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-6268
Susan L StramerInfectious Disease Consultant, North Potomac, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-6366

Funding

FDA HHSNIH HHSOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMost US blood donations are from donors living in urban areas. Demographics and infectious disease prevalence may vary in urban versus rural areas. We assessed demographic and transfusion-transmissible infection (TTI) prevalence among donors living in urban versus rural areas.

methodsBlood donation data from the Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Monitoring System were categorized as urban or rural based on donor residential zip code for a three-year period (October 2020-September 2023). Demographics and TTI prevalence (HBV, HCV, HIV consensus positive (CP) and recent infection (RI), and syphilis CP and active infection (ASI)) were compared between the two geographies. Regression analysis determined the odds of TTIs among donors while controlling for demographic characteristics.

resultsFrom 21,941,910 donations, 83.9% were categorized as urban and 16.1% as rural. Donations from urban versus rural donors were more likely to be from men, between the ages of 25 and 54, non-White, and first-time. HBV CP, HIV CP, syphilis CP, and ASI were more prevalent in donations from urban versus rural donors. Significantly higher seroconversion rates also occurred in donors with syphilis CP and ASI. When adjusting for differences in donor demographics and characteristics, only prevalence in HBV CP remained more likely to occur among urban donors (odds ratio (OR): 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.6) and HCV CP less likely to occur among urban donors (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.9). DISCUSSION: Blood donor demographics and TTI prevalence differ in urban areas compared to rural; however, the differences in demographics may explain some of the TTI prevalence trends.

Indexed as

Blood-Borne InfectionsBlood DonorsRural PopulationTransfusion ReactionUrban PopulationAdolescentAdultFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceUnited StatesYoung Adultrural healthtransfusion‐transmitted infectionsurban health

Identifiers

PMID40384058
PMCPMC12227280

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