ArticleBrain and behavior2025
A Single Session of tDCS Stimulation Can Modulate an EEG Microstate Associated With Anxiety in Patients With Depression.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- EEG Functional Connectivity Associated With Antidepressant Response to Transcutaneous Electrical Cranial-Auricular Acupoint Stimulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Effects of Anodal Left DLPFC tDCS on Panic Severity in Panic Disorder Patients With and Without Comorbid Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Septum Deviation.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and mindful walking on directional brain connectivity: An isolated effective coherence analysis.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Can transcranial direct current stimulation aimed at reducing mind wandering alleviate depression?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Brain neural mechanisms underlying VR enhanced aerobic exercise for mood enhancement in depressed adolescents.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMicrostate analysis involves examining the temporal dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and serves as a crucial method for exploring the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. This study investigates the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on specific microstate parameter maps-D and C in patients with depression, specifically targeting the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
methodsWe conducted an open-label, between-subject, crossover trial involving 19 patients clinically diagnosed with depression. A 1 mA electrical current was administered, with anodal stimulation specifically targeting the DMPFC or the left DLPFC. Microstate maps were derived from resting-state EEG recordings obtained prior to and following the application of tDCS. The EEG data were categorized into five distinct microstate classes for subsequent analysis.
findingsThe findings revealed a significant increase in the duration of microstate class D following stimulation in both groups, while microstate class C exhibited no notable changes. Additionally, a significant association was identified between the transition from microstate D to C and alterations in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) scores after left DLPFC stimulation.
conclusionMicrostate map D appears to be associated with psychiatric disorders and executive functions, whereas map C may relate to the salience network and mind-wandering. Our findings suggest that microstate maps D and C are responsive to tDCS stimuli, indicating their potential as objective tools for anxiety assessment. Employing transition-focused parameters in EEG microstate analysis may enhance the tracking of rapidly fluctuating emotional states, rather than relying solely on duration metrics. Furthermore, the integration of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as tDCS, with EEG microstate analysis holds significant promise for elucidating the neural mechanisms involved in depression.
trial registrationUMIN-CTR Clinical Trial: UMIN000015046.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.