Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40383795›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Phage-antibiotic synergy to combat multidrug resistant strains of Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.

Tinta Carmen Morris, Brandon Reyneke, Sehaam Khan, Wesaal Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

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  13. Suppressing Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance by a Small RNA Virus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tinta Carmen MorrisDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
Brandon ReynekeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
Sehaam KhanFaculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
Wesaal KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa. wesaal@sun.ac.za.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-9485

Funding

National Research Foundation (NRF) 130356
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophage-antibiotic-synergy (PAS) was investigated to target Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. Whole genome sequencing indicated that bacteriophage KPW17 targeting K. pneumoniae, clustered with genus Webervirus, ECSR5 targeting E. cloacae clustered with Eclunavirus, PAW33 targeting P. aeruginosa clustered with Bruynoghevirus, while ABTW1 targeting A. baumannii clustered with Vieuvirus. PAS analysis showed that the combination of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) with PAW33 resulted in the synergistic eradication of all tested P. aeruginosa strains. Similarly, the combined use of doripenem (DOR) and LEV with KPW17 resulted in the synergistic eradication of the environmental and clinical K. pneumoniae strains, while the combined use of DOR and gentamicin (CN) with ECSR5 was synergistic against the clinical E. cloacae NCTC 13406. Gentamicin with ECSR5, however, only exhibited an additive effect for E. cloacae 4L, while ABTW1 with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and imipenem (IPM) resulted in an indifferent interaction between the bacteriophage and tested antibiotics against the clinical A. baumannii AB3, i.e., the activity of the combination is equal to the activity of most active agent. Thus, while the observed PAS may offer an opportunity for the re-introduction or more efficient application of certain antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance, extensive research is required to determine the optimal phage-antibiotic combinations, dosages and treatment regiments.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriophagesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsAcinetobacter baumanniiEnterobacter cloacaeHumansKlebsiella pneumoniaeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPseudomonas aeruginosaAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibioticsBacteriophagesCombination therapiesESKAPEPathogensSynergy

Identifiers

PMID40383795
PMCPMC12086229

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.