ReviewActa neuropathologica communications2025
Beyond the brain: exploring the impact of animal models of leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors.
Review in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Meningeal-tumor interactions define distinct modes of leptomeningeal colonization in Group 3 medulloblastoma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Transcranial cisternal port enables repetitive intrathecal delivery in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Transcranial Cisternal Port (TCP): A Novel Technique for Repetitive Intrathecal Delivery in Mice.Research square · 2025Article
- Interferon-γ drives antitumor immunity in leptomeningeal metastasis: A potential therapeutic strategy.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating manifestation of late-stage cancer which currently suffers from a lack of effective therapeutics. Unfortunately, a significant obstacle preventing the widespread development and testing of therapeutics for LMD is the lack of biologically accurate animal models. We provide overviews of six types of animal models of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors: injection of tumor cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, or brain parenchyma; subcutaneous or mammary fat pad injection of tumor cells; the LeptoM/LM-phenotype model; and genetic manipulation. We identify the pros and cons of each model and suggest broad areas of future research that could improve each model in terms of its similarity to human LMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.