Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40383780›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

An adaptive feedback system for the improvement of learners.

Hafiz Muhammad Qadir, Rafaqat Alam Khan, Mudassar Rasool, Muhammad Sohaib, Mohd Asif Shah, Md Junayed Hasan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hafiz Muhammad QadirDepartment of Software Engineering, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, 54810, Pakistan.
Rafaqat Alam KhanDepartment of Software Engineering, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, 54810, Pakistan.
Mudassar RasoolCantonment Institute of Management and Lands Administration, Lahore, 54800, Pakistan.
Muhammad SohaibSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China. sohaibdurrani@zjnu.edu.cn.
Mohd Asif ShahDepartment of Economics, Bakhtar University, Kart-e-Char, Kabul, 1001, Afghanistan. ohaasif@gmail.com.
Md Junayed HasanDataxense, Aberdeen, AB11 5RG, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Teachers who are aware of their students' strengths and weakness can tailor their teaching methodologies to meet the challenging students efficiently for better results. This helps them to identify any potential learning challenges at an early stage leading to improved academic performance and success ratio. This also fosters a learning environment where students feel motivated and valued to excel in their respective fields. This study offers a robust adaptive feedback system tailored for Learning Management System leveraging instance level explorations, helping teachers to find the specific instance affecting the learner's learning outcome. The proposed system can also be utilized by the institutions where the outcome-based education system has been adopted. The study includes Stacking, Capsule Network, SVM, Random Forest, Decision Tree, and KNN for experiments. Stacking achieved the highest accuracy of 76.70% while SVM demonstrated the highest precision of 0.78 showing the effectiveness of ensemble learning techniques. The primary objective of this endeavor is to elevate automated assessment to provide precise and meaningful feedback, enhancing the educational experience for tertiary students through the integration of technology and pedagogical concepts. The learning feedback has been made available via a user-friendly webserver at: https://khan-learning-feedback.streamlit.app/ .

Indexed as

FeedbackFormative FeedbackLearningStudentsHumansInstance level explorationsLearning analyticsLMSMachine learningOutcome-based educationTertiary education

Identifiers

PMID40383780
PMCPMC12086178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.