Observational studyJournal of psychiatric research2025
Psychiatric outcomes after mild concussion by treatment timing and age.
Observational study in Journal of psychiatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Previous guidance for mild concussion treatment has recommended physical and cognitive rest. However, it remains unknown if patients who received treatment at different times had differential neuropsychiatric outcomes. We examined if patients who received immediate treatment less than one week after a mild concussion had a different risk for subsequent depression or anxiety compared with those who received delayed treatment greater than one week after the event, stratified by age groups. This multicenter retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX Analytics platform to access de-identified electronic health records of over 100 million patients, including both inpatient and outpatient visits, from 60 healthcare organizations across the United States. A total of 9881 patients with a diagnosis of mild concussion either received either immediate treatment, defined as within 1 week (n = 4053), or delayed treatment, defined as 1 week to 6 months (n = 5828) following the diagnosis of mild concussion. Each group was stratified by age:≤25, 26-64, and 65+ years. Patients who received early treatment had significantly lower risk of depression and anxiety compared with propensity-score matched patients who received delayed treatment during a 5-year follow-up after mild TBI diagnosis, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.74 (95 % CI, 0.65-0.84) and 0.75 (95 % CI, 0.68-0.84), respectively. These results are consistent across age groups, with strongest reduction in older adults aged 65 years and older. These findings suggest that timely treatment for concussion may mitigate subsequent adverse psychiatric outcomes.
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