Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40382005›Full record

ArticleInvestigacion y educacion en enfermeria2025

Health Sciences Students: Witnesses of Discrimination in the Care of Foreign Patients in Chile.

Debbie Jeinnisse Álvarez-Cruces, Assumpta Aneas Álvarez, Alejandra Nocetti-de-la-Barra, Juan Mansilla Sepúlveda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigacion y educacion en enfermeria, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Debbie Jeinnisse Álvarez-CrucesNurse and Dental Surgeon, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. debbiejalva-rez@udec.cl.
Assumpta Aneas ÁlvarezPedagogist, Ph.D., Full Professor, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain. aaneas@ub.edu.
Alejandra Nocetti-de-la-BarraBiology Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile. anocet-ti@ucsc.cl.
Juan Mansilla SepúlvedaProfessor of History, Geography, and Civic Education, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile. jmansilla@uct.cl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This work sought to inquire on the perception of Health Sciences students about the health care provided to patients of foreign origin in clinical environments. Methods: Phenomenological approach with multiple case study design. Health Sciences students from three Chilean universities par-ticipated with intensity sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom after the consent was signed. Data analysis included open and axial coding axial with the aid of the ATLAS.ti 24 software. Results: The study had the participation of 106 students, who identified different types of discrimination, besides diverse exclusion manifestations that take place during the care process, such as: apathy, prejudice/stereotyping, derogatory comments, evading, underestimating, normalizing discrimination, infantilizing, and scoffing. Some of the participants normalized these behaviors due to the overload health system. Conclusion: The Health Sciences students witnessed several types of discrimination and exclusion manifestations occurring during the care process, highlighting apathy and evading as characteristic of the clinical environment, which could favor negative vicar-ious learning that perpetuates discriminatory conducts against foreign patients.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelDelivery of Health CarePrejudiceStudents, Health OccupationsAdultChileFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleStereotypingYoung Adultdisparities in health careHealth Sciencesmigrantsperceived discriminationprofessional training

Identifiers

PMID40382005
PMCPMC12085254

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.