Trial reportJournal of affective disorders2025
Utilizing depression symptom-based phenotypes to explore ketamine treatment response in major depression: The Bio-K multicenter trial.
Trial report in Journal of affective disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Metabolomic correlates of intravenous racemic ketamine in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: the Bio-K/NNDC multicenter trial.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Thyroid dysfunction and Research Domain Criteria framework-based depression phenotypes: Insights from a historical longitudinal cohort.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Editorial: Recognizing Atypical Depression in Youth: Advancing Precision Diagnosis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early suicidal ideation change and suicidality-associated emergency department utilization after ketamine or esketamine treatment in treatment-resistant depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious work has identified four correlated factors (depression phenotypes) using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)- Sadness, Negative Thoughts, detachment/Interest and Activity (IA), and Neurovegetative. We explored treatment responses to ketamine based on these 4 phenotypes in treatment resistant depression (TRD).
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from an open-label multi-center, clinical trial (BioK) examining biomarkers of treatment response, that enrolled 75 patients (ages 18-65 years old) with treatment-resistant unipolar or bipolar depression, excluding those with an active substance use disorder, psychosis, and unstable medical conditions. Pre-existing treatments were continued. Participants received 3 IV ketamine infusions over an 11-day period (acute phase). Depressive symptoms were measured using MADRS, with the four phenotypes assigned as positive or negative based on the total subset MADRS score. Change in depressive symptoms and odds of remissions (MADRS<10 after infusion #3) were analyzed for all 4 phenotypes.
results53 % of all participants achieved remission by the end of the acute phase. All MADRS phenotypes had significant decreases from baseline in their respective mean factor scores. Negative Thoughts was the least improved after infusion #3. Higher baseline scores for Sadness were associated with lower rates of remission. Neurovegetative was the least responsive to treatment. Males showed significantly greater improvement than females for Sadness phenotype post-infusion #1 that did not persist through the end of the acute phase. A positive Sadness phenotype was associated with reduced odds of remission at the end of the acute phase (OR = 0.32, 95 % CI, 0.10-0.97; p = 0.04).
conclusionIV ketamine was associated with improvement across four factor-based depression phenotypes after 3 acute-phase infusions. No meaningful sex differences in antidepressive responses were observed at the end of treatment. A positive Sadness phenotype may be less likely to achieve remission with acute IV ketamine.
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