ArticleInternational journal of immunopathology and pharmacology
Chemotherapy elevates cell surface PD-L1 and MHC-I expression in apoptotic gastric cancer cells.
Article in International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunological consequences of chemotherapy: implications for cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer and its association with clinical features and neoadjuvant treatment response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing tumor heterogeneity and FLOT/FOLFOX-induced alterations in cancer stem cells and cancer immune checkpoint molecules using patient-derived tumor organoids.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
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Abstract
backgroundThe programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score is used as a patient selection tool and predictive factor for anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 therapy in gastric cancer. However, the expression of PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) can be affected by conventional treatment approaches.
objectiveIn this study, we examined the effects of chemotherapy on surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I expression in living and apoptotic gastric cancer cells. AGS (moderately differentiated) and SNU-1 (poorly differentiated) cells were treated 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), cisplatin, mitomycin c (MMC), and FOLFOX (5-Fu, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin).
methodsTo quantify the expression levels of surface PD-L1 or surface MHC-I on living and apoptotic cells, the cells were co-stained with annexin V and PD-L1 or MHC-I antibodies. The percentages of single positive (annexin V-negative, PD-L1-positive; annexin V-negative, MHC-I-positive) and double positive (annexin V-positive, PD-L1-positive; annexin V-positive, MHC-I-positive) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.
resultsEvery tested chemotherapeutic agent increased the levels of surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I, although the extents of increase differed in AGS and SNU-1 cells. In AGS cells, 5-Fu caused the largest increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I. However, 5-Fu caused the weakest increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I in SNU-1 cells. Notably, chemotherapy-mediated increases in surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I mostly occurred on apoptotic cells.
conclusionOur findings reveal that chemotherapy mainly increases surface PD-L1 and surface MHC-I on apoptotic gastric cancer cells.
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