Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40380774›Full record

ArticleSubstance use & misuse2025

Associations of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability in Northern California with Adverse Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes.

Lynn D Silver, Natalie E Slama, Huyun Dong, Alisa A Padon, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Stacey E Alexeeff, Stacy A Sterling, Wendy T Dyer, Cynthia I Campbell, Derek D Satre and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Substance use & misuse, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lynn D SilverPrevention Policy Group Public Health Institute, Oakland, California, USA.
Natalie E SlamaDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Huyun DongDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Alisa A PadonPrevention Policy Group Public Health Institute, Oakland, California, USA.
Rosalie Liccardo PaculaInstitute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Stacey E AlexeeffDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Stacy A SterlingDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Wendy T DyerDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Cynthia I CampbellDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Derek D SatreDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Yun LuDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Monique B DoesDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Jay AnnamDepartment of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA.
Kelly C Young-WolffDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.

Funding

Assessing the Impact of Cannabis Legalization on Adolescent Cannabis Use and Cannabis-Related Health ConditionsR01DA053192 · NIDA · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Kelly Corinne Young-Wolff · 2022 to 2026
$3.3M
NCIRD CDC HHS U01 IP000035NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA053192
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLocal policies prohibiting cannabis sales and lower cannabis retail availability are associated with a lower prevalence of adolescent cannabis use. In this study, we examined whether local prohibitions on cannabis retail and cannabis retailer proximity and density are associated with adverse cannabis-related mental health outcomes among adolescents.

methodsCross-sectional study of 95,645 Northern California adolescents aged 13-17 who completed a well-check questionnaire in 2021 during standard pediatric care. Exposures included local bans on cannabis storefront and delivery retailers, and retail proximity and density in relation to adolescents' geocoded residences. Past-year psychotic, depressive, and anxiety disorders were identified using ICD codes; self-reported depression symptoms came from the questionnaire.

resultsRelative to adolescents in jurisdictions allowing storefront and delivery retail, those in jurisdictions prohibiting storefront retail only (aPR = 0.52; 95%CI: 0.32-0.85), or prohibiting both (aPR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.92) had a lower prevalence of psychotic disorders. Greater retailer density (≥6

conclusionsLocal policies prohibiting storefront retail were associated with a lower prevalence of psychotic disorders. Greater retail availability of cannabis near adolescents' residences was associated with a greater prevalence of psychotic, anxiety, and depressive disorders, and depression symptoms. Policies limiting retail density and availability may help reduce cannabis-related harms and merit further assessment.

Indexed as

CannabisCommerceMarijuana UseAdolescentAnxiety DisordersCaliforniaCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMalePrevalencePsychotic DisordersAdolescentanxietydepressionlegalizationmarijuanapolicypsychiatricpsychotic disorders

Identifiers

PMID40380774
PMCPMC12210822

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.